How did a society deeply shaped by Christianity descend into genocide, with churches themselves becoming sites of massacre? Anjali George examines Rwanda’s tragic history, tracing how colonial racial theories, rigid identity classifications and shifting institutional alliances helped turn social divisions into instruments of violence. Drawing parallels with India, the article questions how political and religious institutions can perpetuate the very divisions they claim to transcend. It warns that when identity becomes a tool of political power, grievance can harden into hostility and exclusion. Rwanda’s history offers a sobering lesson on the dangers of weaponising social categories in the pursuit of institutional and political dominance.
